Film ISO Calculator

Push/Pull Processing & Development Guide

Exposure Calculator

Set Meter To

400

Standard Development

Quick Reference Chart

Adjustment ISO 100 ISO 400
+3 (Push)8003200
+2 (Push)4001600
+1 (Push)200800
0 (Normal)100400
-1 (Pull)50200
-2 (Pull)25100

Development Guide

Pushing (+ Exposure)

Pushing involves underexposing your film and compensating during development.

Result: Increased contrast, sharper grain structure, and deeper blacks. Essential for shooting in low light conditions where high shutter speeds are required.

Pulling (- Exposure)

Pulling involves overexposing your film and "pulling back" development time.

Result: Reduced contrast, finer grain, and better shadow detail. Often used in high-contrast lighting to prevent highlight blowout.

Important Note: Always inform your lab explicitly about the push/pull amount (e.g., "Push +2"). Developing without proper instruction will result in ruined negatives.